PREPARED BY: DR. ATTA UR REHMAN (Ph.D. CHEMISTRY)
CHAPTER NO # 3 (THEORIES OF COVALENT BONDING AND SHAPES OF MOLECULES)
INTRODUCTION
Covalent bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the sharing of electrons between atoms. There are various theories that attempt to explain the nature of covalent bonding, including the valence bond theory and the molecular orbital theory. These theories describe how atoms come together to form molecules through the sharing of electrons in covalent bonds. The shape of a molecule is determined by the arrangement of its atoms in space, which is influenced by the number and arrangement of covalent bonds and lone pairs of electrons. The study of the shapes of molecules is essential in understanding the properties and behavior of compounds in various chemical reactions.
Applications and Uses of Theories of Covalent Bonding and Shapes of Molecules:
Chemistry: The theories of covalent bonding and shapes of molecules are fundamental to the field of chemistry. These theories help chemists understand the behavior of compounds in various chemical reactions and predict the reactivity of different molecules. This knowledge is critical in designing and synthesizing new molecules for various applications, such as in the development of new drugs and materials.
Material Science: The study of covalent bonding and the shapes of molecules has numerous applications in the field of material science. By understanding the structure and properties of materials at the molecular level, scientists can design and develop new materials with specific properties, such as strength, flexibility, or conductivity. This knowledge is crucial in the development of new materials for various applications, such as in electronics, energy storage, and biomedicine.
Biomedicine: The knowledge of the covalent bonding and shapes of molecules is critical in the field of biomedicine. By understanding the structure and properties of molecules, scientists can develop new drugs and treatments for various diseases. This knowledge is also essential in the design of molecular probes and sensors for imaging and diagnosis purposes.
Environmental Science: The study of covalent bonding and the shapes of molecules is also essential in environmental science. The knowledge of molecular structures and properties is critical in the design of new materials for pollution control and remediation purposes. It is also important in understanding the behavior and fate of chemicals in the environment, such as in the degradation of pollutants and the uptake of nutrients by plants.
LECTURE SLIDES CHAPTER NO # 3 (THEORIES OF COVALENT BONDING AND SHAPES OF MOLECULES)
NOTES CHAPTER NO # 3 (THEORIES OF COVALENT BONDING AND SHAPES OF MOLECULES)
